Chinese makeup has a fascinating journey throughout the millennia, reflecting changes in aesthetics, social structures, and cultural values. Let's briefly explore their heritage together!
Ancient Origins
Neolithic Period: Evidence of cosmetic use dates back to the Neolithic period (around 5000-3000 BCE), where early Chinese people used natural pigments such as ochre for body decoration and possibly early forms of face painting.
Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600-256 BCE): During the Shang (1600-1046 BCE) and Zhou (1046-256 BCE) dynasties, makeup was used both for ceremonial purposes and daily grooming. Emphasis was on purity and virtue, with simple cosmetics made from natural substances like mineral powders and plant extracts.
Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE)
Introduction of Makeup Products: The Han Dynasty saw the introduction of more refined cosmetic products. Face powders made from rice or mineral-based white powders, and pigments for lips and cheeks became popular. Kohl and other dark pigments were used to accentuate the eyes.
Influence of Confucianism: Confucian ideals emphasized modesty and moral virtue, which influenced makeup practices to be more subdued compared to later periods.
Tang Dynasty (618–907)
Golden Age of Cosmetics: The Tang Dynasty is known for its vibrant and elaborate makeup styles, reflecting the cosmopolitan nature of the era. The use of white face powders, red lipsticks, and dark eyeliners became prevalent.
High Forehead and Pale Skin: Beauty standards included a high forehead and pale skin, achieved with the application of thick white powders. Eyebrows were often painted with intricate designs, and lips were accentuated with vivid reds.
Cosmetic Innovations: The Tang period also saw the creation of early versions of mascara and eyeliner using natural minerals.
Song Dynasty (960–1279)
Refinement and Elegance: The Song Dynasty favoured a more refined and natural look compared to the Tang Dynasty's opulence. The emphasis was on a smooth, pale complexion with minimalistic use of colour.
Facial Patches: Decorative facial patches, known as "liangsan," were used for their beauty and symbolic significance.
Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)
Elaborate and Distinctive Styles: During the Ming Dynasty, makeup styles became more elaborate and distinctive. Women used bright pigments for lips and cheeks and defined their eyebrows with various shapes and colours.
Cosmetic Recipes: There were also detailed cosmetic recipes and manuals, reflecting the importance of makeup in daily life and social status.
Qing Dynasty (1644–1912)
Complex Beauty Ideals: The Qing Dynasty continued to emphasize a pale complexion and elaborate beauty rituals. Makeup styles were closely associated with social status and cultural norms.
Manchu Influence: The ruling Manchu elite influenced beauty standards, including the use of specific makeup styles and accessories that became emblematic of Qing fashion.
Regulations and Symbolism: Makeup was not only for personal beautification but also served as a symbol of rank and propriety. Specific styles were adopted for different social classes and occasions.
Modern Era
Revolution and Reform: The 20th century brought significant changes with political and social upheaval. During the Republican era (1912-1949) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), traditional beauty practices were often challenged or altered.
Contemporary Revival: In recent decades, there has been a revival of traditional makeup practices alongside contemporary beauty trends. Modern Chinese makeup blends traditional elements with global influences, celebrating both heritage and innovation.
Current Trends
Fusion of Styles: Today’s makeup trends in China are a blend of traditional techniques and modern aesthetics. Popular trends include the incorporation of traditional ingredients and techniques into contemporary makeup routines, as well as the influence of global beauty standards.
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